MUST

MUST

Folosire

1.Pentru a exprima obligatia, comanda, necesitatea.In acest caz substitutul

sau este 'to have to':

Today is Thursday, so Mike must go to school.

He will have to go there tomorrow, too.

Obs:(1)'Must' exprima o obligatie impusa de vorbitor. Dar, cand aceasta

obligatie este din exterior, aceasta deoarece este impusa de auto-

ritati exterioare ori de circumstante pe care vorbitorul nu le poa-

te controla, 'to have to' se impune a fi folosit:

I have to tell my little daughter a story whenever she asks me.

(2)Forma negativa 'must not' , exprima prohibitia, totala interdictie

de a face ceva:

Cars must not stop at the crossing.

(3)Absenta obligatiei nu este niciodata redata prin 'must not', ci

prin 'don't have to', 'haven't (got) to' ori 'needn't':

Pupil: 'Must we do this exercise, too ?'

Teacher:'No, you don't have to/ haven't got to/needn't'.

(4)In vorbirea directa 'must' exprimand obligatia ramane asa ori se

schimba in 'had to' cand verbul introductiv este la * PAST TENSE *

sau la * PAST PERFECT TENSE *:

'I must learn all these new words', the boy explained.

The boy explained that he must/ had to learn all those new words.

(5)Forma negativa, 'must not', ramane neschimbata in vorbirea indi-

recta:

'You must not cross the street when the traffic light is red',

mother advised her son.

Mother advised her son that he must not cross the street when

the light traffic was red.

2.Pentru a exprima deductia, o concluzie logica, probabilitate:

If she left home at 7, she must be at the airport now.

Obs:(1)Deductia negativa este exprimata prin 'can't/couldn't' +

* PRESENT */* PERFECT INFINITIVE *:

If she hasn't learn't anything up to now, she can't pass/can't

have passed such a difficult exam.

(2)'Must' exprimand probabilitate intr-o propozitie de genul:

She must be at school now.

poate fi inlocuit de

I'm sure/ certain/ positive she is at school now.

etc.